Something that many depictions of Japan during the late stage of war incorrectly portray, is how quickly the homefront deteriorated. Most of Japan in the Spring of 1945 would've looked similar to Germany two years earlier. While the air raids were continuing to increase in both frequency and magnitude, their destructiveness was limited by Japans air defense measures. The Japanese Army and Naval air services may have been decimated by this point, but were aided by the fact that their only purpose was to defend the skies of Japan.
In April of 1945, a total of 12 large scale (defined as having 50 or more bombers) were launched on the Japanese Home Islands. The average loss rate for said raids was 8.6%, dangerously near the 10% ratio that General LeMay had estimated as the limit of sustainability. The Soviet fuel aid had been a huge boon for the fighter wings, which were given top priority in terms of who got the fuel. Sortie rates had begun to skyrocket at the tail end of the month, as aircraft could actually afford to fly daily. Even the training situation had begun to improve, as fuel was now available for more dedicated flying hours, though the lack of pilots still meant that most new recruits were dangerously green.
Overall, life for the civilians of Japan wasn't dramatically different from the homefront in America. Sure, by now 20,000 Japanese civilians had been killed, and nearly 200,000 rendered homeless, but life went on. Resteraunts and cinemas continued to function. Rationing, though beginning to tighten as the fishing fleets were decimated, was not oppressively strict. For the most part the Japanese people were eager to continue the fight, and morale was high.
One of the first signs of trouble however, began on the 28th of April. Prime Minister Yonai ordered the creation of the Volunteer Fighting Corps. This was essentially a barrel-scraping paramilitary force, consisting of all able-bodied men and women yet to be mobilized. Within a month nearly a million would be armed and mobilized, given rifle that were often older than those wielding them. These were given to the most able men of the corps, mostly men aged 17-35 who'd avoided conscription by virtue of working in wartime industries. These were designated "A Class" militia.
Many millions more were called up (Despite its name the corps was not voluntary) But there were not neaely enough weapons for them. Many so call "B Class" militia were instead organized to civil defense positions, such as mechanics, medics, and construction duties. Many more "C Class" militia remained in the lurch, many were elderly or juvenile, and not suited to combat anyway. Nonetheless they were instructed to make do with whatever was available. Bamboo spears, homemade bows, and kitchen utensils, were now common sights among these people. The government even went as far as providing instructions on how to make homemade muzzle-loading guns, essentially muskets, which were cobbled together in makeshift workshops.
In Kyushu and Southern Honshu, the air forces faced another obstacle. P-51s, as well as B-25s had begun operating from central Okinawa, and sought to disrupt operations in Southern Japan. In April alone they managed to destroy 200 Japanese planes in the air and 400 on the ground, for the loss of 150 of their own. This did result in the Southern half of Kyushu being more or less abandoned by the Japanese air services, but the cities there were still defended at a distance.
Other signs were soon to come of trouble. The Kamikaze program had been rejected by Yonai, who considered it wasteful. However other projects had been quietly developed. The MXY-7 Ohka, was essentially a manned rocket bomb. It was designed to be dropped from a medium bomber, then plunged into an enemy ship. At Okinawa they'd seen their first action, though with little success as their motherships were often detected and shot down. They had more luck on the shipping routs between Ultithi, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa, where American supply ships had begun to move unescorted. One destroyed an ammunition ship full of Napalm, while another damaged and nearly sank the USS West Point, which was packed with thousands of GIs.
Other projects were in the works as well, such as manned torpedoes, suicide boats, and suicide divers. As one American historian would later say "The Japanese people as a whole seemed content to die, so long as they had the honor of helping to kill at least one enemy."