What would the world be like without Socialism and its bastard step children/tyrannies of Communisiom and Fascism?
First which sort of socialism are you referring here. Socialism is a very broad category, and so is to a lesser degree communism. From religious socialism to marxist-leninism, to anarcho-communism to de leonism, to utopian socialism to blanquism, to austro-marxism, to autonomism, to maoism, to market socialism.
Also I wouldn't consider Fascism to be the bastard step child of Socialist ideology. The USSR's version of communism, and the tyranny of Stalin can be described as the bastard step-child of Socialist thinking. However not every communist is a Stalin, and this certainly goes true for other branches of Socialism.
If you can avoid the entire industrial revolution then sure I guess. As long as there's a market immediately immiserating people, there'll be someone with the really bright idea of putting the productive forces under social control. So yeah, just freeze the world around 1500 or so.
Not gonna bother touching the second part of this.
Socialist ideologies pre-date the industrial revolution and Marx, though Marx was undeniably instrumental in shaping the way it evolved. Some names that come to mind are Robert Owen, François-Noël Babeuf, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon, and Gerrard Winstanley. though I think all of them were around after 1500. But even before hand there are some various proto-groups that can be seen as proto-socialists, though they can be debated; I read once that John Wycliffe and lollardy could be described as a proto-socialist movement. I would need to read more into Wycliffe could fit into the same proto-socialists as Winstanley.